Oracle Application Technology

Recently developed a script using Boto3 and Python to delete specific VPC Interface Endpoints. These endpoints were deployed as part of landing zone resources but are not being used currently. Such resources incur cost and hence if not used, it is good to remove them to save some cost.

Intent is to call this script from some DevOps tool (like Ansible or Jenkins) to complete automate the task.

#!/usr/bin/env python

import boto3
import logging
import os.path
import time
import argparse



output_dir = "/tmp"
DEFAULT_AWS_Account_ID = "1111222222"
DEFAULT_REGION = "us-east-1"

client = boto3.client('ec2')

logger = logging.getLogger()
logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)

# create console handler and set level to info
handler = logging.StreamHandler()
handler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
logger.addHandler(handler)

# create file handler and set level to Info
# this is to help Output directed to both - console 
# and file
handler = logging.FileHandler(os.path.join(output_dir, "vpcendpointdelete.log"),"w", encoding=None, delay="true")
handler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
logger.addHandler(handler)



def parse_commandline_arguments():

    global REGION
    global AWS_Account_ID

    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter,
                                     description='Boto3 script to delete VPC Interface Endppints from a given AWS Account.')
    parser.add_argument("-accountID", "--ownerID", dest="aws_ID", type=str, default=DEFAULT_AWS_Account_ID,
                        help="The AWS Account ID where VPC Endpoint is to be deleted")
    parser.add_argument("-r", "--region", dest="region", type=str,
                        default=DEFAULT_REGION, help="Specify the region of the AWS Account")

    args = parser.parse_args()
    REGION = args.region
    AWS_Account_ID = args.aws_ID



def remove_vpcendpoint(region):
    if region == "us-east-2":
        filters = [{'Name': 'service-name', 'Values': ['com.amazonaws.us-east-2.ec2','com.amazonaws.us-east-2.ec2messages','com.amazonaws.us-east-2.ssm','com.amazonaws.us-east-2.ssmmessages','com.amazonaws.us-east-2.monitoring'] }, {'Name': 'vpc-endpoint-type', 'Values' : ['Interface']}]
    if region == "us-east-1":
        filters = [{'Name': 'service-name', 'Values': ['com.amazonaws.us-east-1.ec2','com.amazonaws.us-east-1.ec2messages','com.amazonaws.us-east-1.ssm','com.amazonaws.us-east-1.ssmmessages','com.amazonaws.us-east-1.monitoring'] }, {'Name': 'vpc-endpoint-type', 'Values' : ['Interface']}]
   
    response = client.describe_vpc_endpoints(Filters=filters)
    for services in response['VpcEndpoints']:
        logger.info("Deleting VpcEndpoint ID : {} - Service Name : {}".format(services['VpcEndpointId'],services['ServiceName']))
        for attempt in range(5):
            try:
                client.delete_vpc_endpoints(
                    VpcEndpointIds=[services['VpcEndpointId']]
                    )
            except BaseException as err:
                logger.error(err)
                logger.info("*** ERROR *** during VPC Interface Endpoint delete - retry...")
                time.sleep(0.5)
            else:
                logger.info("--> Done")
                break;
        else:
            logger.error("*** ERROR *** - All attempt to delete VPC Interface Endpoint failed - exit with error")
            raise Exception("*** ERROR *** - Can't delete VPC Interface Endpoint")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    try:
        parse_commandline_arguments()
        remove_vpcendpoint(REGION)
    except Exception as error:
        logging.error(error)
        print(str(error))
		

Enjoy reading !!!
Anand M

Many times we come across a situation where S3 Bucket access logging is not default and due to corporate security policy, such buckets are flagged a Security incident. Hence there was a need to enable the sever access logging programmatically due to very large number of such S3 Buckets.
Recently I developed a script using boto3 to achieve the task. This helped to enable the logging for 100+ such buckets in ~30 min. Also, I configured a job in Jenkins so that job can be accomplished by L1 support team.

Script Name – EnableS3BucketLogging.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

import boto3
import time
import sys
import logging
import datetime
import argparse
import csv
import os
from botocore.exceptions import ClientError

print ("S3 Listing at %s" % time.ctime())



DEFAULT_BUCKET = "ALL"
DEFAULT_REGION = "us-east-1"
DEFAULT_AWS_Account_ID = "1234567899765"
DEFAULT_AWS_Account_Name = "Dummy Account Name"



def parse_commandline_arguments():

    global REGION
    global AWS_Account_ID
    global AWS_Account_Name
    global BUCKET_NAME
    global target_bucket

    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter,
                                     description='Enable S3 Server Logging if Not enabled.')
    parser.add_argument("-accountID", "--ownerID", dest="aws_ID", type=str, default=DEFAULT_AWS_Account_ID,
                        help="The AWS Account ID where volume tagging is  to be done")
    parser.add_argument("-r", "--region", dest="region", type=str,
                        default=DEFAULT_REGION, help="Specify the region of the AWS Account")
    parser.add_argument("-b", "--bucket", dest="bucket", type=str,
                        default=DEFAULT_BUCKET, help="Specify the bucket name")
    parser.add_argument("-accountName","--AWSAccountName",dest="aws_account_name",type=str, default=DEFAULT_AWS_Account_Name,
                        help="Specify the AWS Account Name")

    args = parser.parse_args()
    REGION = args.region
    AWS_Account_ID = args.aws_ID
    BUCKET_NAME = args.bucket
    AWS_Account_Name = args.aws_account_name


def s3_resource(region):

    # Connects to EC2, returns a connection object
    try:
        conn = boto3.resource('s3', region_name=region)

    except Exception as e:
        sys.stderr.write(
            'Could not connect to region: %s. Exception: %s\n' % (region, e))
        conn = None

    return conn


def s3_client(region):
    """
    Connects to EC2, returns a connection object
    """
    try:
        conn = boto3.client('s3', region)

    except Exception as e:
        sys.stderr.write(
            'Could not connect to region: %s. Exception: %s\n' % (region, e))
        conn = None

    return conn



def grantaclBucket(s3_client,sourcebucket,targetbucket):
    try:
        acl = s3_client.get_bucket_acl(Bucket = sourcebucket)
        for d in acl['Grants']:
            if 'ID' in d['Grantee']: # If Grantee is NOT URI, then specific Grant needs to be given before enabling Logging
                canonical_id = d['Grantee']['ID']
                response = s3.put_bucket_acl(
                    AccessControlPolicy={
                        'Grants': [
                            {
                                'Grantee': {
                                    'Type': 'Group',
                                    'URI': 'http://acs.amazonaws.com/groups/s3/LogDelivery'
                                },
                                'Permission': 'READ_ACP'
                            },
                            {
                                'Grantee': {
                                    'Type': 'Group',
                                    'URI': 'http://acs.amazonaws.com/groups/s3/LogDelivery'
                                },
                                'Permission': 'WRITE'
                            }
                        ],
                        'Owner': {
                            'ID': canonical_id
                            },
                        },
                        Bucket=targetbucket
                    )
            elif 'URI' in d['Grantee']: # If Grant is already given to URL, no need of explicit Grant
                print("Log Delivery Group has the required permission...")
        return True
    except Exception as error:
        logging.error(e)
        return None
        



def enableAccessLogging(clientS3, sourcebucket, targetbucket,targetPrefix):
    try:
        response = clientS3.put_bucket_logging(
                    Bucket=sourcebucket,
                    BucketLoggingStatus={
                        'LoggingEnabled': {
                            'TargetBucket': targetbucket,
                            'TargetPrefix': targetPrefix 
                            }
                        },
                    )
        return True
    except ClientError as e:
        logging.error(e)
        return None


def showSingleBucket(bucketName,s3,s3bucket,targetPrefix):
  "Displays the contents of a single bucket"
  if ( len(bucketName) == 0 ):
    print ("bucket name not provided, listing all buckets....")
    time.sleep(8)
  else:
    print ("Bucket Name provided is: %s" % bucketName)
    #s3bucket = boto3.resource('s3')
    my_bucket = s3bucket.Bucket(bucketName)
    bucket_logging = s3bucket.BucketLogging(bucketName)
    bucket_logging_response = bucket_logging.logging_enabled
    if bucket_logging.logging_enabled is None:
        print("Bucket - {} is not loggging Enabled" .format(bucketName))
        print("Bucket - {} logging is in progress..." .format(bucketName))
        grantaclBucket(s3,bucketName,bucketName) # Grant ACL to Log Delivery Group - mandatory before enabling logging
        enableAccessLogging(s3, bucketName, bucketName,targetPrefix) # Enable Bucket Logging
    else:
        print("Bucket - {} Logging is already enabled." .format(bucketName))
        print("Target Bucket is - {}" .format(bucket_logging_response['TargetBucket']))
        print("Target prefix is - {}" .format(bucket_logging_response['TargetPrefix']))
    #for object in my_bucket.objects.all():
    #  print(object.key)
  return



def showAllBuckets(s3,s3bucket,targetPrefix):
    try:
        response = s3.list_buckets()
        for bucket in response['Buckets']:
            my_bucket = bucket['Name']
            bucket_logging = s3bucket.BucketLogging(my_bucket)
            bucket_logging_response = bucket_logging.logging_enabled
            if bucket_logging.logging_enabled is None:
                print("Bucket - {} is not loggging Enabled" .format(my_bucket))
                print("Bucket - {} logging is in progress..." .format(my_bucket))
                grantaclBucket(s3,my_bucket,my_bucket) # Grant ACL to Log Delivery Group
                enableAccessLogging(s3,my_bucket,my_bucket,targetPrefix) # Enable Bucket Logging
            else:
                print("Bucket - {} Logging is already enabled." .format(my_bucket))
                target_bucket = bucket_logging_response['TargetBucket']
                target_prefix = bucket_logging_response['TargetPrefix']
    except ClientError as e:
        print("The bucket does not exist, choose how to deal with it or raise the exception: "+e)
    return



if __name__ == '__main__':
    try:
        parse_commandline_arguments()
        targetPrefix = 'S3_Access_logs/'
        s3_client_conn = s3_client(REGION)
        s3_resource_conn = s3_resource(REGION)
        print("<font size=1 face=verdana color=blue>Processing for AWS Account :- <b><font size=1 color=red> {}</font></b></font><br>".format(AWS_Account_ID))
        print(
            "<font size=1 face=verdana color=blue>==============================</font><br><br>")
        if BUCKET_NAME == "ALL":
            showAllBuckets(s3_client_conn,s3_resource_conn,targetPrefix)
        else:
            showSingleBucket(BUCKET_NAME,s3_client_conn,s3_resource_conn,targetPrefix)
    except Exception as error:
        logging.error(e)
        print(str(error))
        print("Issue while enabling Server Access Logging")

This python script is being called from Shell script – where the environment is set using “AssumeRole” funciton.

Shell Script Name – EnableS3BucketLogging.py

#!/bin/sh

if [[ $# -lt 2 ]]; then
  echo "Usage: ${0} <AccountID> <Bucket Name>"
  exit 1
fi
AccountID=${1}
BucketName=${2} 
script_top=/u01/app/scripts
outputdir=${script_top}/output
logfile=${script_top}/logs/EnableS3BucketLogging.log
cat /dev/null > ${logfile}


unset AWS_SESSION_TOKEN AWS_DEFAULT_REGION AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
. /u01/app/scripts/bin/AssumeRole.sh ${AccountID}
# No need to set Region as Buckets are Global
echo "python ${script_top}/bin/EnableS3BucketLogging.py -accountID ${AccountID} -b ${BucketName}"
python ${script_top}/bin/EnableS3BucketLogging.py -accountID ${AccountID} -b ${BucketName}

Hope this helps. Happy reading !!!
~Anand M

Below is the script to generate a CSV file from a JSON output. I wrote this script for generating CSV for collecting compute optimizer data so that each EC2 has one line of data in the CSV file. Later on this CSV file is uploaded to google sheet for further analysis.

Python script “reportComputeOptData.py” is called within shell script “reportComputeOptData.sh”.

Python Script

import sys
import json
import pandas as pd
## Env is set for proper console display
pd.set_option('display.max_rows', 500)
pd.set_option('display.max_columns', 500)
pd.set_option('display.width', 1000)
## Env Setting - Ends
jsonfile = str(sys.argv[1])
csvfile = str(sys.argv[2])
with open(jsonfile) as file:
    data = json.load(file)

df = pd.DataFrame(data['instanceRecommendations'])
for i,item in enumerate(df['utilizationMetrics']):
    for k in range(len(df['utilizationMetrics'][i])):
        #Add a new column with a default value and then add/update the value of that colm
        df.at[i,'utilizationMetrics_name_{}'.format(k)] = dict(df['utilizationMetrics'][i][k])['name']
        df.at[i,'utilizationMetrics_statistic_{}'.format(k)] = dict(df['utilizationMetrics'][i][k])['statistic']
        df.at[i,'utilizationMetrics_value_{}'.format(k)] = dict(df['utilizationMetrics'][i][k])['value']


    for m in range(len(df['recommendationOptions'][i])):
       df.at[i,'recommendationOptions_instanceType_{}'.format(m)] = dict(df['recommendationOptions'][i][m])['instanceType']
       df.at[i,'recommendationOptions_performanceRisk_{}'.format(m)] = dict(df['recommendationOptions'][i][m])['performanceRisk']
       df.at[i,'recommendationOptions_rank_{}'.format(m)] = dict(df['recommendationOptions'][i][m])['rank']
       for j in range(len(dict(df['recommendationOptions'][i][m])['projectedUtilizationMetrics'])):
           df.at[i,'reco_projectedUtilizationMetrics_{}_name_{}'.format(m,j)] = dict(dict(df['recommendationOptions'][i][m])['projectedUtilizationMetrics'][j])['name']
           df.at[i,'reco_projectedUtilizationMetrics_{}_statistic_{}'.format(m,j)] = dict(dict(df['recommendationOptions'][i][m])['projectedUtilizationMetrics'][j])['statistic']
           df.at[i,'reco_projectedUtilizationMetrics_{}_value_{}'.format(m,j)] = dict(dict(df['recommendationOptions'][i][m])['projectedUtilizationMetrics'][j])['value']

df = df.drop({'utilizationMetrics','recommendationOptions'}, axis=1)
df.to_csv(csvfile, header=True,index=False)
print("CSV File generated at..-  {}".format(csvfile))

Shell Script (which generates the json file which then parsed to python script to generate the CSV file)

#!/bin/sh
if [[ $# -lt 1 ]]; then
  echo "Usage: ${0} <AccountID> [<Region>]"
  exit 1
fi
NOW=$(date +"%m%d%Y%H%M")
AccountID=${1}
AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=${2} ## 3rd Argument is the Account Default Region is diff than the CLI server
script_top=/d01/app/aws_script/bin
outputdir=/d01/app/aws_script/output
csvfile=${outputdir}/${AccountID}_copt-${NOW}.csv
jsonfile=${outputdir}/${AccountID}_copt-${NOW}.json
#
## Reset Env variables
reset_env () {
        unset AWS_SESSION_TOKEN
        unset AWS_DEFAULT_REGION
        unset AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
        unset AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
} #end of reset_env
## Set Env function
assume_role () {
AccountID=${1}
source </path_to_source_env_file/filename> ${AccontID}
}
# Function assume_role ends
assume_role ${AccountID}
if [[ ! -z "$2" ]]; then
        AWS_DEFAULT_REGION='us-east-2'
fi
#
## Generate json file
aws compute-optimizer get-ec2-instance-recommendations | jq -r . >${jsonfile}
## Pass the json file to python script along with the CSV File for the output
python ${script_top}/reportComputeOptData.py ${jsonfile} ${csvfile}
echo "CSV File generated... - ${csvfile}"
reset_env

Json file format

{
“instanceRecommendations”: [
{
“instanceArn”: “arn:aws:ec2:eu-east-1:123404238928:instance/i-04a67rqw6c029b82f”,
“accountId”: “123404238928”,
“instanceName”: “testserver01”,
“currentInstanceType”: “c4.xlarge”,
“finding”: “OVER_PROVISIONED”,
“utilizationMetrics”: [
{
“name”: “CPU”,
“statistic”: “MAXIMUM”,
“value”: 6.3559322033898304
}
],
“lookBackPeriodInDays”: 14,
“recommendationOptions”: [
{
“instanceType”: “t3.large”,
“projectedUtilizationMetrics”: [
{
“name”: “CPU”,
“statistic”: “MAXIMUM”,
“value”: 12.711864406779661
}
],
“performanceRisk”: 3,
“rank”: 1
},
{
“instanceType”: “m5.large”,
“projectedUtilizationMetrics”: [
{
“name”: “CPU”,
“statistic”: “MAXIMUM”,
“value”: 12.711864406779661
}
],
“performanceRisk”: 1,
“rank”: 2
},
{
“instanceType”: “m4.large”,
“projectedUtilizationMetrics”: [
{
“name”: “CPU”,
“statistic”: “MAXIMUM”,
“value”: 15.645371577574968
}
],
“performanceRisk”: 1,
“rank”: 3
}
],
“recommendationSources”: [
{
“recommendationSourceArn”: “arn:aws:ec2:eu-east-1:123404238928:instance/i-04a67rqw6c029b82f”,
“recommendationSourceType”: “Ec2Instance”
}
],
“lastRefreshTimestamp”: 1583986171.637
},
{
“instanceArn”: “arn:aws:ec2:eu-east-1:123404238928:instance/i-0af6a6b96e2690002”,
“accountId”: “123404238928”,
“instanceName”: “TestServer02”,
“currentInstanceType”: “t2.micro”,
“finding”: “OPTIMIZED”,
“utilizationMetrics”: [
{
“name”: “CPU”,
“statistic”: “MAXIMUM”,
“value”: 96.27118644067791
}
],
“lookBackPeriodInDays”: 14,
“recommendationOptions”: [
{
“instanceType”: “t3.micro”,
“projectedUtilizationMetrics”: [
{
“name”: “CPU”,
“statistic”: “MAXIMUM”,
“value”: 39.1101694915254
}
],
“performanceRisk”: 1,
“rank”: 1
},
{
“instanceType”: “t2.micro”,
“projectedUtilizationMetrics”: [
{
“name”: “CPU”,
“statistic”: “MAXIMUM”,
“value”: 96.27118644067791
}
],
“performanceRisk”: 1,
“rank”: 2
}
],
“recommendationSources”: [
{
“recommendationSourceArn”: “arn:aws:ec2:eu-east-1:123404238928:instance/i-0af6a6b96e2690002”,
“recommendationSourceType”: “Ec2Instance”
}
],
“lastRefreshTimestamp”: 1583986172.297
}
],
“errors”: []
}

CSV file Output

Enjoy reading !!!
Anand M